tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44080857469200640882024-02-07T11:34:12.991-08:00Projecting OutProjecting Out offers trending analysis on international relations and foreign policy topics through a mix of snark and hard analysisRusshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11445503540827570320noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4408085746920064088.post-75285063036621314772012-04-22T10:20:00.000-07:002012-04-22T10:20:21.986-07:00The one where Mali had a Coup D’état<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkVVrAP4wNjKbCMCnMIUaUVSXzWQ35jNgAFEjZyr-RVKSRcG5j64BkFFObfa16fil5uzh5C4ZhNTT7fNVQsb2PHr7SO0-l0Bj9iNnWKEGyHJh9pgZs_kQbPbK6uPGXh-LSRt5pfje0Mo/s1600/mali_pro_coup.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkVVrAP4wNjKbCMCnMIUaUVSXzWQ35jNgAFEjZyr-RVKSRcG5j64BkFFObfa16fil5uzh5C4ZhNTT7fNVQsb2PHr7SO0-l0Bj9iNnWKEGyHJh9pgZs_kQbPbK6uPGXh-LSRt5pfje0Mo/s400/mali_pro_coup.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Courtesy: Africanarguments.org</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">A lot went wrong for Captain Amadou Sonogo and the military
junta in the wake of their March 22<sup>nd</sup> coup d’état in Mali.
Maligned by international pressure and unable to secure any semblance of
political leadership in Mali’s capital, Bamako, the military junta signed a
peace accord on </span><a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/04/mali-coup-leaders-agree-to-step-down-in-return-for-amnesty.html"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">April 6<sup>th</sup></span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">relinquishing
control of the government. The
agreement, sponsored by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),
required Sonogo and the junta to step down and return the country to civilian
rule in exchange for immunity.
Since April 6<sup>th</sup>, Mali has witnessed the resignation of ousted
president Amadou Toumani Touré and the appointment of Dioncounda Traore,
Speaker of the Parliament, as the interim President – big steps considering
that three weeks ago Mali remained embroiled in a violent coup. Mr. Traore has vowed to reinstate
democratic rule of law and recover territory recently lost to Tuareg rebels
“ideally by peaceful mean, but by <a href="http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Malis-Interim-President-Sworn-Into-Office-147129275.html">all-out
war</a> if necessary.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">The unfolding of events in Mali has been astounding. It has placed the power and leverage of
both regional cooperative mechanisms and international actors on full display.
ECOWAS performed remarkably, choking the junta with sanctions until it
acquiesced and now (at the time of this posting) overseeing Mali’s transition
of power. The broader
international community acted in concert to support ECOWAS with the United
States and Europe leading the field by suspending economic aid packages and
threatening sanctions of their own.
While the international effort to reign in the coup should be applauded,
potentially destabilizing domestic issues were left unaddressed by the
international response, and could pose an even greater threat to Malian and
regional stability than Capt. Sonogo’s power grab. The interim government faces
a formidable opponent in the Tuareg rebels and a </span><a href="http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=41711&Cr=mali&Cr1="><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">burgeoning
humanitarian crisis</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> in the north, both of which are likely to negatively
affect hundreds of thousands of Malians.
These two factors could plunge Mali into a protracted crisis, one that
neither the interim government nor the international community is equipped to
handle, and one that could ripple across the region. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/MOWRpQgmmeM?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Arguably, Capt. Sonogo’s justification for the coup was
warranted. Over recent months,
Malian security forces have suffered a </span><a href="http://af.reuters.com/article/maliNews/idAFL5E8CQ3JY20120126?sp=true"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">string of
military defeats</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> in Mali’s northern Sahel region. The Tuareg rebels, recently bolstered
by an </span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/06/world/africa/tuaregs-use-qaddafis-arms-for-rebellion-in-mali.html?pagewanted=all"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">influx of
weaponry</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> and battle hardened soldiers (courtesy of Col. Gaddafi’s
failed struggle to hold onto power in Libya) dismantled the young and
inexperienced Malian soldiers stationed in the north with stunning expediency.
The </span><a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/04/world/la-fg-mali-tuaregs-20120404"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Los
Angeles Times</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> explains that in the days immediately following the coup,
“the Tuareg rebels took control of several key cities, including Kidal, Gao and
Timbuktu, a dramatic advance that saw the collapse of Mali’s military in the
north.” Capt. Sonogo touted the Malian military’s inability to retaliate
against the rebels (reports indicate that Malian soldiers even ran out of
ammunition during skirmishes) as the primary remonstration against the Malian
government. Sonogo citied the
severe lack of equipment and experienced personnel in the north as well as
“</span><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/03/2012330131841646408.html"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">incompetence</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">” on the
part of President Touré as the root causes of the military’s failure to defeat
the rebels. Furthermore, generals in Bamako reportedly viewed the Tuaregs as
more of a chronic nuisance than an imminent threat, resulting in yawning gaps
in understanding as to the gravity of the situation on the ground. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">The military’s inability to assert control in the Sahel
allowed the disparate groups in the north to coalesce their power under the
Tuareg banner (which now comprises members of the National Movement for the
Liberation of Azawad (MNLA), Malian Tuaregs, Algerian Tuaregs and Al-Qaeda
linked Islamic groups including Ansar Dine, led by Ag Ghaly, and various other
factions linked to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)). The organized
Tuareg rebels took advantage of the military’s ineptitude and played their hand
masterfully in the security vacuum that developed following the coup. The
Los Angeles Times goes on to explain that, “It took just a few short weeks of
combat for the Tuareg rebels in Mali to achieve a century-old dream: conquering
a huge swath of northern Mali that they see as their homeland.” The Tuareg
rebels gained enough influence and territorial control from their “</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/world/africa/mali-rebels-proclaim-independent-state-in-north.html">lightning
advance</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">” across northern Mali, that they have called for the
establishment of an independent state proclaiming, “irrevocably the independent
state of Azawad, starting from this day, Friday April 6, 2012”. This
proclamation has effectively split the country in half, placing Mali in a
precarious situation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Mali’s interim government now faces two significant
challenges; how to reconcile the Tuareg’s claim to Azawad and how to thwart the
deepening humanitarian crisis in the Sahel. Solving these issues will be equally as important as
returning the country to civilian rule and may prove to be essential to the
success of Mali’s new government.
However, these challenges cannot be accomplished without the explicit
help of the international community.
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">The international community has a vested interest in seeing
the return of Malian administration in the northern Sahel region. The rise of the Tuareg rebels and their
links to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) have stoked strong fears that
continued instability in Mali’s north will create a new permissive environment
in which Islamic extremists can operate. The United States regards Mali as </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">"a leading regional partner in
U.S. efforts against terrorism,"</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> and has committed resources to
Mali under the auspices of the Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Partnership (</span><a href="http://www.africom.mil/tsctp.asp"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">TSCP</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">). However, there are concrete steps that
the United States and willing international actors can take to bolster this
counterterrorism alliance. The Al-Qaeda linked elements of the Tuareg uprising
represent a minority amongst the group and could be effectively marginalized by
leveraging the TSCP initiative focused on ‘discrediting fundamentalist
ideology’. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><a href="http://www.npr.org/2012/04/04/149985662/malis-rebellion-stirs-fear-of-wider-saharan-conflict"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">NPR</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> explains
that, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt;">"Islamic
fundamentalism is unlikely to go down well in a region that's dominated by the
more tolerant Sufi school of Islam." Isolating the core fundamentalist
elements amongst the Tuareg’s, through the auspices of the TSCP, could prove
vital in mitigating the influence of AQIM in the Sahel. Consequently,
mitigating Al-Qaeda’s influence will require a sustained effort by the Malian
government and the support of the international community.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIoEIqcDGDe6e3wUXU0L-KnrkOjkxvjCJ4g6Nkg6idOSgac9rwk1oETxJbbYLVakzhfnWj0tV4irMG4DDalm8fhzBzcm4gs-Z4v8dTfXEr-cHrWBObOCS9hIgcMCkDlBuIAf1iQ3LFQIs/s1600/595_Map_Sahel_and_Touareg.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIoEIqcDGDe6e3wUXU0L-KnrkOjkxvjCJ4g6Nkg6idOSgac9rwk1oETxJbbYLVakzhfnWj0tV4irMG4DDalm8fhzBzcm4gs-Z4v8dTfXEr-cHrWBObOCS9hIgcMCkDlBuIAf1iQ3LFQIs/s400/595_Map_Sahel_and_Touareg.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Courtesy The Economist</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Bookending Mali’s current turmoil is the growing
humanitarian crisis across Western Africa that could even rival the recent food
crisis that besieged the </span><a href="http://www.unicefusa.org/work/emergencies/horn-of-africa/"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Horn of
Africa</span></a> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">in 2011</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">. Recent
violence in Mali has displaced large populations into neighboring Algeria,
Mauritania, Niger, and Burkina Faso.
<a href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/eu-warns-of-mali-humanitarian-crisis-1.1273898">The
European Crisis Response Commissioner</a> Kristalina Georgieva explained that,
“Many among the displaced were already on the edge of survival due to the Sahel
food crisis, I fear that the recent violence will exacerbate further the food
emergency both in northern Mali and in neighboring countries where refugees are
flowing to areas of acute food insecurity.” The Tuareg uprising in northern
Mali further complicates relief efforts in Mali provinces hardest hit by the
food crisis. <a href="http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2012/04/17/Mali-crisis-complicates-Red-Cross-mission/UPI-44021334680846/">The
International Committee of the Red Cross</a> explains, “Humanitarian work in
northern Mali is a major challenge in the current climate, violence and looting
have severely hampered the operations of a number of agencies.” These competing factors have created an
untenable situation in northern Mali, one that is likely to persist absent
extraordinary efforts by the international community. The <a href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/eu-warns-of-mali-humanitarian-crisis-1.1273898">European
Commission</a> offered this chilling assessment, “Unless there is rapid
progress in the coming days to open the humanitarian space and allow in
supplies of food an medicines to northern Mali, there will be a major
humanitarian disaster.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">The response to the coup in Mali has created a mixed bag of
outcomes, showing the effectiveness of international cooperation while
highlighting that more must be done to comprehensively address Mali’s
longstanding problems. By
providing decisive security support to Mali’s new government, international
initiatives can help to manage the Tuareg crisis while working to re-establish
an environment where humanitarian aid programs and funding can more effectively
confront the deepening food crisis across the region. Mali has become an
important proving ground for ECOWAS and the international community, but they
must now recommit themselves to supporting the efforts of the interim
government to help stabilize Mali, or risk turning this proving ground into a
cautionary tale. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment--></div>Russhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11445503540827570320noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4408085746920064088.post-4672806312522942392012-02-12T19:30:00.000-08:002012-02-12T19:30:37.443-08:00The one where Secretary Clinton went to Burma...<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>1007</o:Words> <o:Characters>5743</o:Characters> <o:Company>University of Pittsburgh</o:Company> <o:Lines>47</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>11</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>7052</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:DontAutofitConstrainedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
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<div class="MsoNormal">In a not so unexpected development, US Secretary of State Hilary Clinton announced on Friday <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/13/us-burma-swap-ambassadors-reform">January 13, 2012</a> that the United States would fully restore diplomatic relations with Burma (Myanmar). While the announcement date may jinx the entire thing, the move comes as the latest in a series of calculated steps (most notably Secretary Clinton’s landmark visit to Myanmar in December 2011) taken by the United States targeted at easing tensions with and propagating democracy in the Asian Pacific nation. While we can speculate on how this move plays into President Obama’s new ‘<a href="http://www.defense.gov/news/Defense_Strategic_Guidance.pdf">Asia Pivot’</a> strategy, it is important to note that the Burmese government has made a surprising break from its repressive past...a hopeful moment that offers us a glimpse into how the United States might deal with some of the world’s more unsavory regimes. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">President Thein Sein’s shift towards democracy arguably started with the Union Solidarity and Development Party’s (USDP) announcement of its reformist intentions after winning the <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11715956">November 2010</a> elections. Although these elections were almost universally regarded as a sham (USDP won 80% of the vote), they are widely viewed as having been the catalyst that sparked Burma’s post election transformations, offering opposition leaders a long desired public voice and a taste of powerful democratic tools; tools that sparked revolutions across the world in 2011. Since embarking on his self-coined path towards “disciplined democracy”, President Sein has made a number of promising first steps including the release of hundreds of <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16540871">political prisoners</a>, signing a law that allows <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16016137">peaceful demonstrations</a>, and inking a <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/13/world/asia/myanmar-signs-truce-with-ethnic-rebel-group.html?_r=1&hp">cease-fire agreement</a> with Karen rebels (the same group that, a little over a year ago, was locked in a fierce battle with government forces in eastern Burma). President Sein’s efforts are punctuated by the Burmese parliament’s approval of Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s candidacy in the April by-election on a National League for Democracy (NLD) party ballot. President Sein explains in a recent interview with <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/burma-president-thein-sein-country-is-on-right-track-to-democracy/2012/01/19/gIQANeM5BQ_story.html">Lally Weymouth</a> that his government’s, “reform measures are being undertaken based on the wishes of the people [who want] to see our country have peace and stability as well as economic development.”</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">But why the sudden change of heart? Did US and European sanctions make the Burmese military see the error of their repressive ways? I doubt it. A host of <a href="http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41336.pdf">sanctions</a> enacted as a consequence of the Burmese military’s brutal suppression of the 1987 ‘8888 Uprisings’ have been in effect since 1990. Freezing assets, limiting trade, and banning foreign investments have done little to foster political freedoms or improve Burma’s human rights record. In the previously mentioned Lally Weymouth interview, President Sein offers that, “[US and European] sanctions were aimed at harming our government but, actually, they harmed the interest of our people.” I know that sounds like a weak effort at regime propaganda, but there is a more salient point underneath President Sein’s snark…US and European sanctions have limited the average Burmese citizens access to foreign investment and international markets without gaining sufficient leverage to stave off repression. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">So, did the military finally get tired of beating monks and squashing rebellions? It’s possible. The government held <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16523691">peace talks</a> with rebels in the Thai-Burma border town of Hpa-an in December 2011. These talks brought together a number of rebel groups including the Shan State Army-South and the Karen rebels, both of which have negotiated preliminary peace settlements with the government. This point should not be overlooked. These groups have been locked in fierce battles with the Burmese government for decades, and these former sworn enemies were able to sit across the table from one another and sign peace deals. That’s pretty amazing progress. But getting tired from 20 years of repression cannot be the only reason for Burma’s reforms. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Could this be a hedge against Chinese influence? I think we are getting warmer! <a href="http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/China-Calls-for-Lifting-of-Burma-Sanctions-134820953.html">John Blaxland</a>, former Australian military attaché to Burma explains, “China obviously has a very important role to play in the future of Burma.” China is Burma’s largest supplier of military equipment, and closest advocate on the international stage. The Burmese recognize the importance of their relations with China. However, Blaxland theorizes that the Burmese “need some wiggle room. They’re concerned that they are too beholden to the Chinese.” If President Sein is smart and a little bit sneaky, I’m sure he realizes that better relations with the US and Europe affords him the ability to play the interests of western powers off on China, placing Burma in a very favorable position. The other side of the coin is that Mr. Sein’s opportunistic efforts also open him up to enhanced scrutiny by the international community, a critical opening that will allow international actors to verify that President Sein is not using one hand to sign trade deals while using the other to flog a few monks. As for right now, the United States should take full advantage of improving relations, not only because they are the first promising signs of democratization to come out of Burma in years, but also because it offers the US the chance to turn the tide of Burma’s repressive past and reinvigorate relations with a former Asian Pacific ally. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">While the reasoning behind Burma’s attitude shift is ultimately unknown, it offers the US a great opportunity to rethink its policies of engagement towards repressive regimes. This rethink is critical not only for the creation of a durable and resilient peace with Burma, but also as a test case for dealing with stickier governments around the world. There is room for a great deal of optimism here, but I am inclined to support a more guarded approach, for as Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi offers, “I believe the President wants reform, but he is not the only one in government.“ Hopefully the coming months will shed light on President Sein’s true intentions and whether his efforts at reform will endure. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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